C Programming Training Classes in El Cajon, California
Learn C Programming in El Cajon, California and surrounding areas via our hands-on, expert led courses. All of our classes either are offered on an onsite, online or public instructor led basis. Here is a list of our current C Programming related training offerings in El Cajon, California: C Programming Training
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Blog Entries publications that: entertain, make you think, offer insight
Learning SQL development can seem like an overwhelming task at first. However, mastering just a few key points will help ease your way through 80 percent of the day-to-day challenges when writing stored procedures and solving common problems. Here are three important SQL development factors to keep in mind:
Outer Joins
One of the most crucial things to understand in SQL server are joins. Joins are a way to retrieve data from two or more tables based on logical relationships between them. Joins dictate how Microsoft SQL Server ought to use data from one table to select the rows in another table.
In my experience inner joins are intuitive while outer joins can present additional hours of grief by overlooking associations in the other table(s). The outer join is the key to answering questions about what the database does not have. For example, if you need to make a query to display all the students who are without report-cards, you’ll need a left join to get all students coupled with a “where clause” to return the ones who have nulls for their report card table columns in the results.
Many talented Java script programmers have muddled through the SQL Server by deficient coding around the inner join. As a result, their queries can take five hours to run, whereas, properly written left joins, can take only two seconds to run.
Aggregation
Grouping results comes up in SQL a lot more than you might think. Knowing how to write a query when answering questions such as, “What’s the average grade for each teacher’s student list?” is invaluable. This kind of question cannot be answered with a single table or solely by joins. You’ll often find you need to use joins in conjunction with group by statements. Always write the raw query first and then look at the results. Next, you have to figure out the best way to group them, rewrite your select clause and add a group by clause in the end.
Digging Through Data
I find this is the most lacking skill in many programmers. In fact, many otherwise-talented programmers holding Master’s Degrees fail to get jobs because they couldn’t analyze rows of data objectively during interviews. It’s just something that’s not taught but is crucial to get under you belt. Why? Eventually, some query is not going to perform as you may expect. And, the only way to find discrepancies is to look at rows of data, identify what join isn’t finding a match or where bad data is throwing things into chaos. Get familiar with how joins actually work, even if you have to manually walk through the logic of a large stored procedure’s tree of joins. It’s boring and time-consuming but absolutely necessary.
Take the time to master the core skills that will make you a successful SQL Programmer and avoid queries that run for five hours!
The original article was posted by Michael Veksler on Quora
A very well known fact is that code is written once, but it is read many times. This means that a good developer, in any language, writes understandable code. Writing understandable code is not always easy, and takes practice. The difficult part, is that you read what you have just written and it makes perfect sense to you, but a year later you curse the idiot who wrote that code, without realizing it was you.
The best way to learn how to write readable code, is to collaborate with others. Other people will spot badly written code, faster than the author. There are plenty of open source projects, which you can start working on and learn from more experienced programmers.
Readability is a tricky thing, and involves several aspects:
- Never surprise the reader of your code, even if it will be you a year from now. For example, don’t call a function max() when sometimes it returns the minimum().
- Be consistent, and use the same conventions throughout your code. Not only the same naming conventions, and the same indentation, but also the same semantics. If, for example, most of your functions return a negative value for failure and a positive for success, then avoid writing functions that return false on failure.
- Write short functions, so that they fit your screen. I hate strict rules, since there are always exceptions, but from my experience you can almost always write functions short enough to fit your screen. Throughout my carrier I had only a few cases when writing short function was either impossible, or resulted in much worse code.
- Use descriptive names, unless this is one of those standard names, such as i or it in a loop. Don’t make the name too long, on one hand, but don’t make it cryptic on the other.
- Define function names by what they do, not by what they are used for or how they are implemented. If you name functions by what they do, then code will be much more readable, and much more reusable.
- Avoid global state as much as you can. Global variables, and sometimes attributes in an object, are difficult to reason about. It is difficult to understand why such global state changes, when it does, and requires a lot of debugging.
- As Donald Knuth wrote in one of his papers: “Early optimization is the root of all evil”. Meaning, write for readability first, optimize later.
- The opposite of the previous rule: if you have an alternative which has similar readability, but lower complexity, use it. Also, if you have a polynomial alternative to your exponential algorithm (when N > 10), you should use that.
Use standard library whenever it makes your code shorter; don’t implement everything yourself. External libraries are more problematic, and are both good and bad. With external libraries, such as boost, you can save a lot of work. You should really learn boost, with the added benefit that the c++ standard gets more and more form boost. The negative with boost is that it changes over time, and code that works today may break tomorrow. Also, if you try to combine a third-party library, which uses a specific version of boost, it may break with your current version of boost. This does not happen often, but it may.
Don’t blindly use C++ standard library without understanding what it does - learn it. You look at
documentation at it tells you that its complexity is O(1), amortized. What does that mean? How does it work? What are benefits and what are the costs? Same with std::vector::push_back()
, and with std::map
. Knowing the difference between these two maps, you’d know when to use each one of them.std::unordered_map
Never call
or new
directly, use delete
and [cost c++]std::make_shared[/code] instead. Try to implement std::make_unique
yourself, in order to understand what they actually do. People do dumb things with these types, since they don’t understand what these pointers are.usique_ptr, shared_ptr, weak_ptr
Every time you look at a new class or function, in boost or in std, ask yourself “why is it done this way and not another?”. It will help you understand trade-offs in software development, and will help you use the right tool for your job. Don’t be afraid to peek into the source of boost and the std, and try to understand how it works. It will not be easy, at first, but you will learn a lot.
Know what complexity is, and how to calculate it. Avoid exponential and cubic complexity, unless you know your N is very low, and will always stay low.
Learn data-structures and algorithms, and know them. Many people think that it is simply a wasted time, since all data-structures are implemented in standard libraries, but this is not as simple as that. By understanding data-structures, you’d find it easier to pick the right library. Also, believe it or now, after 25 years since I learned data-structures, I still use this knowledge. Half a year ago I had to implemented a hash table, since I needed fast serialization capability which the available libraries did not provide. Now I am writing some sort of interval-btree, since using std::map, for the same purpose, turned up to be very very slow, and the performance bottleneck of my code.
Notice that you can’t just find interval-btree on Wikipedia, or stack-overflow. The closest thing you can find is Interval tree, but it has some performance drawbacks. So how can you implement an interval-btree, unless you know what a btree is and what an interval-tree is? I strongly suggest, again, that you learn and remember data-structures.
These are the most important things, which will make you a better programmer. The other things will follow.
In programming, memory leaks are a common issue, and it occurs when a computer uses memory but does not give it back to the operating system. Experienced programmers have the ability to diagnose a leak based on the symptoms. Some believe every undesired increase in memory usage is a memory leak, but this is not an accurate representation of a leak. Certain leaks only run for a short time and are virtually undetectable.
Memory Leak Consequences
Applications that suffer severe memory leaks will eventually exceed the memory resulting in a severe slowdown or a termination of the application.
How to Protect Code from Memory Leaks?
Preventing memory leaks in the first place is more convenient than trying to locate the leak later. To do this, you can use defensive programming techniques such as smart pointers for C++. A smart pointer is safer than a raw pointer because it provides augmented behavior that raw pointers do not have. This includes garbage collection and checking for nulls.
If you are going to use a raw pointer, avoid operations that are dangerous for specific contexts. This means pointer arithmetic and pointer copying. Smart pointers use a reference count for the object being referred to. Once the reference count reaches zero, the excess goes into garbage collection. The most commonly used smart pointer is shared_ptr from the TR1 extensions of the C++ standard library.
Static Analysis
The second approach to memory leaks is referred to as static analysis and attempts to detect errors in your source-code. CodeSonar is one of the effective tools for detection. It provides checkers for the Power of Ten coding rules, and it is especially competent at procedural analysis. However, some might find it lagging for bigger code bases.
How to Handle a Memory Leak
For some memory leaks, the only solution is to read through the code to find and correct the error. Another one of the common approaches to C++ is to use RAII, which an acronym for Resource Acquisition Is Initialization. This approach means associating scoped objects using the acquired resources, which automatically releases the resources when the objects are no longer within scope. RAII has the advantage of knowing when objects exist and when they do not. This gives it a distinct advantage over garbage collection. Regardless, RAII is not always recommended because some situations require ordinary pointers to manage raw memory and increase performance. Use it with caution.
The Most Serious Leaks
Urgency of a leak depends on the situation, and where the leak has occurred in the operating system. Additionally, it becomes more urgent if the leak occurs where the memory is limited such as in embedded systems and portable devices.
To protect code from memory leaks, people have to stay vigilant and avoid codes that could result in a leak. Memory leaks continue until someone turns the system off, which makes the memory available again, but the slow process of a leak can eventually prejudice a machine that normally runs correctly.
Related:
I’ll get straight to the point. Why should companies invest more in management training? Here are 10 simple reasons.
1) An employee’s relationship with his or her direct manager is the most important single factor in employee engagement.
2) Engaged employees are happier and more productive. Disengaged employees are frustrated and more disruptive.
3) Because there’s no widely agreed-on skillset for management (good managers come in all shapes and sizes), there’s an assumption everyone knows how to do it. This is akin to someone who’s never driven before being given keys to a car and told: “Drive.” (Many many years ago, this is how I first learned to manage. I blundered my way through it. Trial and error. It wasn’t pretty.)
Tech Life in California
Company Name | City | Industry | Secondary Industry |
---|---|---|---|
Mattel, Inc. | El Segundo | Retail | Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book, and Music Stores |
Spectrum Group International, Inc. | Irvine | Retail | Retail Other |
Chevron Corp | San Ramon | Energy and Utilities | Gasoline and Oil Refineries |
Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc. | Pasadena | Real Estate and Construction | Construction and Remodeling |
eBay Inc. | San Jose | Software and Internet | E-commerce and Internet Businesses |
Broadcom Corporation | Irvine | Computers and Electronics | Semiconductor and Microchip Manufacturing |
Franklin Templeton Investments | San Mateo | Financial Services | Investment Banking and Venture Capital |
Pacific Life Insurance Company | Newport Beach | Financial Services | Insurance and Risk Management |
Tutor Perini Corporation | Sylmar | Real Estate and Construction | Construction and Remodeling |
SYNNEX Corporation | Fremont | Software and Internet | Data Analytics, Management and Storage |
Core-Mark International Inc | South San Francisco | Manufacturing | Food and Dairy Product Manufacturing and Packaging |
Occidental Petroleum Corporation | Los Angeles | Manufacturing | Chemicals and Petrochemicals |
Yahoo!, Inc. | Sunnyvale | Software and Internet | Software and Internet Other |
Edison International | Rosemead | Energy and Utilities | Gas and Electric Utilities |
Ingram Micro, Inc. | Santa Ana | Computers and Electronics | Consumer Electronics, Parts and Repair |
Safeway, Inc. | Pleasanton | Retail | Grocery and Specialty Food Stores |
Gilead Sciences, Inc. | San Mateo | Healthcare, Pharmaceuticals and Biotech | Pharmaceuticals |
AECOM Technology Corporation | Los Angeles | Real Estate and Construction | Architecture,Engineering and Design |
Reliance Steel and Aluminum | Los Angeles | Manufacturing | Metals Manufacturing |
Live Nation, Inc. | Beverly Hills | Media and Entertainment | Performing Arts |
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Sunnyvale | Computers and Electronics | Semiconductor and Microchip Manufacturing |
Pacific Gas and Electric Corp | San Francisco | Energy and Utilities | Gas and Electric Utilities |
Electronic Arts Inc. | Redwood City | Software and Internet | Games and Gaming |
Oracle Corporation | Redwood City | Software and Internet | Software and Internet Other |
Symantec Corporation | Mountain View | Software and Internet | Data Analytics, Management and Storage |
Dole Food Company, Inc. | Thousand Oaks | Manufacturing | Food and Dairy Product Manufacturing and Packaging |
CBRE Group, Inc. | Los Angeles | Real Estate and Construction | Real Estate Investment and Development |
First American Financial Corporation | Santa Ana | Financial Services | Financial Services Other |
The Gap, Inc. | San Francisco | Retail | Clothing and Shoes Stores |
Ross Stores, Inc. | Pleasanton | Retail | Clothing and Shoes Stores |
Qualcomm Incorporated | San Diego | Telecommunications | Wireless and Mobile |
Charles Schwab Corporation | San Francisco | Financial Services | Securities Agents and Brokers |
Sempra Energy | San Diego | Energy and Utilities | Gas and Electric Utilities |
Western Digital Corporation | Irvine | Computers and Electronics | Consumer Electronics, Parts and Repair |
Health Net, Inc. | Woodland Hills | Healthcare, Pharmaceuticals and Biotech | Healthcare, Pharmaceuticals, and Biotech Other |
Allergan, Inc. | Irvine | Healthcare, Pharmaceuticals and Biotech | Biotechnology |
The Walt Disney Company | Burbank | Media and Entertainment | Motion Picture and Recording Producers |
Hewlett-Packard Company | Palo Alto | Computers and Electronics | Consumer Electronics, Parts and Repair |
URS Corporation | San Francisco | Real Estate and Construction | Architecture,Engineering and Design |
Cisco Systems, Inc. | San Jose | Computers and Electronics | Networking Equipment and Systems |
Wells Fargo and Company | San Francisco | Financial Services | Banks |
Intel Corporation | Santa Clara | Computers and Electronics | Semiconductor and Microchip Manufacturing |
Applied Materials, Inc. | Santa Clara | Computers and Electronics | Semiconductor and Microchip Manufacturing |
Sanmina Corporation | San Jose | Computers and Electronics | Semiconductor and Microchip Manufacturing |
Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Santa Clara | Telecommunications | Telecommunications Equipment and Accessories |
Avery Dennison Corporation | Pasadena | Manufacturing | Paper and Paper Products |
The Clorox Company | Oakland | Manufacturing | Chemicals and Petrochemicals |
Apple Inc. | Cupertino | Computers and Electronics | Consumer Electronics, Parts and Repair |
Amgen Inc | Thousand Oaks | Healthcare, Pharmaceuticals and Biotech | Biotechnology |
McKesson Corporation | San Francisco | Healthcare, Pharmaceuticals and Biotech | Pharmaceuticals |
DIRECTV | El Segundo | Telecommunications | Cable Television Providers |
Visa, Inc. | San Mateo | Financial Services | Credit Cards and Related Services |
Google, Inc. | Mountain View | Software and Internet | E-commerce and Internet Businesses |
training details locations, tags and why hsg
The Hartmann Software Group understands these issues and addresses them and others during any training engagement. Although no IT educational institution can guarantee career or application development success, HSG can get you closer to your goals at a far faster rate than self paced learning and, arguably, than the competition. Here are the reasons why we are so successful at teaching:
- Learn from the experts.
- We have provided software development and other IT related training to many major corporations in California since 2002.
- Our educators have years of consulting and training experience; moreover, we require each trainer to have cross-discipline expertise i.e. be Java and .NET experts so that you get a broad understanding of how industry wide experts work and think.
- Discover tips and tricks about C Programming programming
- Get your questions answered by easy to follow, organized C Programming experts
- Get up to speed with vital C Programming programming tools
- Save on travel expenses by learning right from your desk or home office. Enroll in an online instructor led class. Nearly all of our classes are offered in this way.
- Prepare to hit the ground running for a new job or a new position
- See the big picture and have the instructor fill in the gaps
- We teach with sophisticated learning tools and provide excellent supporting course material
- Books and course material are provided in advance
- Get a book of your choice from the HSG Store as a gift from us when you register for a class
- Gain a lot of practical skills in a short amount of time
- We teach what we know…software
- We care…