Cisco Training Classes in Hanford, California
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Blog Entries publications that: entertain, make you think, offer insight
The original article was posted by Michael Veksler on Quora
A very well known fact is that code is written once, but it is read many times. This means that a good developer, in any language, writes understandable code. Writing understandable code is not always easy, and takes practice. The difficult part, is that you read what you have just written and it makes perfect sense to you, but a year later you curse the idiot who wrote that code, without realizing it was you.
The best way to learn how to write readable code, is to collaborate with others. Other people will spot badly written code, faster than the author. There are plenty of open source projects, which you can start working on and learn from more experienced programmers.
Readability is a tricky thing, and involves several aspects:
- Never surprise the reader of your code, even if it will be you a year from now. For example, don’t call a function max() when sometimes it returns the minimum().
- Be consistent, and use the same conventions throughout your code. Not only the same naming conventions, and the same indentation, but also the same semantics. If, for example, most of your functions return a negative value for failure and a positive for success, then avoid writing functions that return false on failure.
- Write short functions, so that they fit your screen. I hate strict rules, since there are always exceptions, but from my experience you can almost always write functions short enough to fit your screen. Throughout my carrier I had only a few cases when writing short function was either impossible, or resulted in much worse code.
- Use descriptive names, unless this is one of those standard names, such as i or it in a loop. Don’t make the name too long, on one hand, but don’t make it cryptic on the other.
- Define function names by what they do, not by what they are used for or how they are implemented. If you name functions by what they do, then code will be much more readable, and much more reusable.
- Avoid global state as much as you can. Global variables, and sometimes attributes in an object, are difficult to reason about. It is difficult to understand why such global state changes, when it does, and requires a lot of debugging.
- As Donald Knuth wrote in one of his papers: “Early optimization is the root of all evil”. Meaning, write for readability first, optimize later.
- The opposite of the previous rule: if you have an alternative which has similar readability, but lower complexity, use it. Also, if you have a polynomial alternative to your exponential algorithm (when N > 10), you should use that.
Use standard library whenever it makes your code shorter; don’t implement everything yourself. External libraries are more problematic, and are both good and bad. With external libraries, such as boost, you can save a lot of work. You should really learn boost, with the added benefit that the c++ standard gets more and more form boost. The negative with boost is that it changes over time, and code that works today may break tomorrow. Also, if you try to combine a third-party library, which uses a specific version of boost, it may break with your current version of boost. This does not happen often, but it may.
Don’t blindly use C++ standard library without understanding what it does - learn it. You look at
documentation at it tells you that its complexity is O(1), amortized. What does that mean? How does it work? What are benefits and what are the costs? Same with std::vector::push_back()
, and with std::map
. Knowing the difference between these two maps, you’d know when to use each one of them.std::unordered_map
Never call
or new
directly, use delete
and [cost c++]std::make_shared[/code] instead. Try to implement std::make_unique
yourself, in order to understand what they actually do. People do dumb things with these types, since they don’t understand what these pointers are.usique_ptr, shared_ptr, weak_ptr
Every time you look at a new class or function, in boost or in std, ask yourself “why is it done this way and not another?”. It will help you understand trade-offs in software development, and will help you use the right tool for your job. Don’t be afraid to peek into the source of boost and the std, and try to understand how it works. It will not be easy, at first, but you will learn a lot.
Know what complexity is, and how to calculate it. Avoid exponential and cubic complexity, unless you know your N is very low, and will always stay low.
Learn data-structures and algorithms, and know them. Many people think that it is simply a wasted time, since all data-structures are implemented in standard libraries, but this is not as simple as that. By understanding data-structures, you’d find it easier to pick the right library. Also, believe it or now, after 25 years since I learned data-structures, I still use this knowledge. Half a year ago I had to implemented a hash table, since I needed fast serialization capability which the available libraries did not provide. Now I am writing some sort of interval-btree, since using std::map, for the same purpose, turned up to be very very slow, and the performance bottleneck of my code.
Notice that you can’t just find interval-btree on Wikipedia, or stack-overflow. The closest thing you can find is Interval tree, but it has some performance drawbacks. So how can you implement an interval-btree, unless you know what a btree is and what an interval-tree is? I strongly suggest, again, that you learn and remember data-structures.
These are the most important things, which will make you a better programmer. The other things will follow.
If you're someone who's interested in computer programming, chances are you've considered pursuing a career in it. However, being a computer programmer is definitely not for everyone, as it takes some special characteristics to succeed as a computer programmer.
Good at Math
While you don't have to be a math genius in order to be a good computer programmer, being good at math really does help. In general, as long as you know your trigonometry and advanced high school algebra, you should be set for programming.
However, in a few instances, knowledge of more advanced math ends up being necessary. For example, for shader programming, you should be familiar with integration of multiple variables, matrix algebra, and basic differentiation. You will also require considerable math skills in order to program 3D.
Excellent Problem Solver
To be a successful computer programmer, you definitely need to be an excellent problem solver. It is vital for a computer programmer to break a problem down into small parts. They must then be able to decide the best way to approach individual pieces of the problem. Computer programmers also need to know how to anticipate and prevent potential problems. While problem-solving, they also need to keep in mind things like user experience and performance.
If you're not a good problem solver, knowing a particular language and syntax will be useless if you can't even identify the problem at hand. Therefore, excellent problem solving skills are a critical foundation for computer programming.
Patience
If you are not a patient person, you will quickly become very frustrated with computer programming. Problem-solving is not always easy and fast. In fact, it may take a very long time, especially if you're either inexperienced or working on an especially hard project.
Debugging after the coding process is also very frustrating and tedious. No matter how hard you try, you will always have bugs in your coding, and these bugs, while often easy to fix, tend to be very difficult to detect. Therefore, you will end up spending a lot of your time searching for bugs that take very little time to fix.
Well-Rounded Skills
Generally, computer programmers who are very skilled in one area tend to stick around longer than jack-of-all-trades, as specialized programmers are harder to replace with outsourcing than general programmers. Therefore, it will do you well to specialize in one area of computer programming.
However, while specializing is good, you should still know at least a little about everything, especially skills that relate to the area you specialize in. For example, if you're a core Java programmer, you should know about SQL programming and ideally a scripting language or some regular expressions.
As you can see, not everyone has what it takes to pursue computer programming as a career and succeed at it. In fact, just because you love to program doesn't mean it's a good career choice for you. However, if you feel that you possess all the characteristics listed above, then you should definitely consider computer programming as a career.
Have you ever played a game on your iPhone and wondered how to share it with your friends? Of course, not everyone has iPhones, and they aren’t always watching the leaderboards on the Gaming app, provided by Apple. Well, guess what? You don’t have to take a whole other camera to take a picture of your iPhone to create a photo of that particular score you have achieved. All you have to do is simultaneously press the “Home Button” and the “Lock Button” on your iPhone. After that, your iPhone should consequently flash to white, as if it were snapping its shutter, and taking a picture. Afterwards, you should be able to find the picture in your Photo Albums and share it with your friends.
But, taking screenshots of your iPhone doesn’t always have to deal with your game scores, you can take screenshots of almost any happening on your phone and share it with people! Have you ever had a memorable texting conversation with your friend, where you mistyped something, and the conversation went haywire? Sharing it becomes easy by using this feature. Want to show how odd a website looks on your iPhone compared to looking at it on your computer, and give it to their support to fix it? Take a screenshot of it! The possibilities of this feature are endless, and can become timeless with a simple picture.
No industry is as global as software development. Pervasive networking means that software developers can, and do, work from anywhere. This has led many businesses to hiring development subcontractors in other countries, aiming to find good development talent at lower prices, or with fewer hassles on entry into the US.
While this is an ongoing and dynamic equilibrium, there are compelling reasons for doing software development in the United States, or using a hybrid model where some parts of the task are parceled out to foreign contractors and some are handled locally.
Development Methodologies
The primary reason for developing software overseas is cost reduction. The primary argument against overseas software development is slower development cycles. When software still used the "waterfall" industrial process for project management (where everything is budgeted in terms of time at the beginning of the project), offshoring was quite compelling. As more companies emulate Google and Facebook's process of "release early, update often, and refine from user feedback," an increasing premium has been put on software teams that are small enough to be agile (indeed, the development process is called Agile Development), and centralized enough, in terms of time zones, that collaborators can work together. This has made both Google and Facebook leaders in US-based software development, though they both still maintain teams of developers in other countries tasked with specific projects.
Localization For Americans
The United States is still one of the major markets for software development, and projects aimed at American customers needs to meet cultural norms. This applies to any country, not just the U.S. This puts a premium on software developers who aren't just fluent in English, but native speakers, and who understand American culture. While it's possible (and even likely) to make server-side software, and management utilities that can get by with terse, fractured English, anything that's enterprise-facing or consumer-facing requires more work on polish and presentation than is practical using outsourced developers. There is a reason why the leaders in software User Interface development are all US-based companies, and that's because consumer-focused design is still an overwhelming US advantage.
Ongoing Concerns
The primary concern for American software development is talent production. The US secondary education system produces a much smaller percentage of students with a solid math and engineering background, and while US universities lead the world in their computer science and engineering curricula, slightly under half of all of those graduates are from foreign countries, because American students don't take the course loads needed to succeed in them. Software development companies in the United States are deeply concerned about getting enough engineers and programmers out of the US university system. Some, such as Google, are trying to get programmers hooked on logical problem solving at a young age, with the Summer of Code programs. Others, like Microsoft, offer scholarships for computer science degrees.
Overall, the changes in project management methodologies mean that the US is the current leader in software development, and so long as the primary market for software remains English and American-centric, that's going to remain true. That trend is far from guaranteed, and in the world of software, things can change quickly.
Tech Life in California
Company Name | City | Industry | Secondary Industry |
---|---|---|---|
Mattel, Inc. | El Segundo | Retail | Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book, and Music Stores |
Spectrum Group International, Inc. | Irvine | Retail | Retail Other |
Chevron Corp | San Ramon | Energy and Utilities | Gasoline and Oil Refineries |
Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc. | Pasadena | Real Estate and Construction | Construction and Remodeling |
eBay Inc. | San Jose | Software and Internet | E-commerce and Internet Businesses |
Broadcom Corporation | Irvine | Computers and Electronics | Semiconductor and Microchip Manufacturing |
Franklin Templeton Investments | San Mateo | Financial Services | Investment Banking and Venture Capital |
Pacific Life Insurance Company | Newport Beach | Financial Services | Insurance and Risk Management |
Tutor Perini Corporation | Sylmar | Real Estate and Construction | Construction and Remodeling |
SYNNEX Corporation | Fremont | Software and Internet | Data Analytics, Management and Storage |
Core-Mark International Inc | South San Francisco | Manufacturing | Food and Dairy Product Manufacturing and Packaging |
Occidental Petroleum Corporation | Los Angeles | Manufacturing | Chemicals and Petrochemicals |
Yahoo!, Inc. | Sunnyvale | Software and Internet | Software and Internet Other |
Edison International | Rosemead | Energy and Utilities | Gas and Electric Utilities |
Ingram Micro, Inc. | Santa Ana | Computers and Electronics | Consumer Electronics, Parts and Repair |
Safeway, Inc. | Pleasanton | Retail | Grocery and Specialty Food Stores |
Gilead Sciences, Inc. | San Mateo | Healthcare, Pharmaceuticals and Biotech | Pharmaceuticals |
AECOM Technology Corporation | Los Angeles | Real Estate and Construction | Architecture,Engineering and Design |
Reliance Steel and Aluminum | Los Angeles | Manufacturing | Metals Manufacturing |
Live Nation, Inc. | Beverly Hills | Media and Entertainment | Performing Arts |
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Sunnyvale | Computers and Electronics | Semiconductor and Microchip Manufacturing |
Pacific Gas and Electric Corp | San Francisco | Energy and Utilities | Gas and Electric Utilities |
Electronic Arts Inc. | Redwood City | Software and Internet | Games and Gaming |
Oracle Corporation | Redwood City | Software and Internet | Software and Internet Other |
Symantec Corporation | Mountain View | Software and Internet | Data Analytics, Management and Storage |
Dole Food Company, Inc. | Thousand Oaks | Manufacturing | Food and Dairy Product Manufacturing and Packaging |
CBRE Group, Inc. | Los Angeles | Real Estate and Construction | Real Estate Investment and Development |
First American Financial Corporation | Santa Ana | Financial Services | Financial Services Other |
The Gap, Inc. | San Francisco | Retail | Clothing and Shoes Stores |
Ross Stores, Inc. | Pleasanton | Retail | Clothing and Shoes Stores |
Qualcomm Incorporated | San Diego | Telecommunications | Wireless and Mobile |
Charles Schwab Corporation | San Francisco | Financial Services | Securities Agents and Brokers |
Sempra Energy | San Diego | Energy and Utilities | Gas and Electric Utilities |
Western Digital Corporation | Irvine | Computers and Electronics | Consumer Electronics, Parts and Repair |
Health Net, Inc. | Woodland Hills | Healthcare, Pharmaceuticals and Biotech | Healthcare, Pharmaceuticals, and Biotech Other |
Allergan, Inc. | Irvine | Healthcare, Pharmaceuticals and Biotech | Biotechnology |
The Walt Disney Company | Burbank | Media and Entertainment | Motion Picture and Recording Producers |
Hewlett-Packard Company | Palo Alto | Computers and Electronics | Consumer Electronics, Parts and Repair |
URS Corporation | San Francisco | Real Estate and Construction | Architecture,Engineering and Design |
Cisco Systems, Inc. | San Jose | Computers and Electronics | Networking Equipment and Systems |
Wells Fargo and Company | San Francisco | Financial Services | Banks |
Intel Corporation | Santa Clara | Computers and Electronics | Semiconductor and Microchip Manufacturing |
Applied Materials, Inc. | Santa Clara | Computers and Electronics | Semiconductor and Microchip Manufacturing |
Sanmina Corporation | San Jose | Computers and Electronics | Semiconductor and Microchip Manufacturing |
Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Santa Clara | Telecommunications | Telecommunications Equipment and Accessories |
Avery Dennison Corporation | Pasadena | Manufacturing | Paper and Paper Products |
The Clorox Company | Oakland | Manufacturing | Chemicals and Petrochemicals |
Apple Inc. | Cupertino | Computers and Electronics | Consumer Electronics, Parts and Repair |
Amgen Inc | Thousand Oaks | Healthcare, Pharmaceuticals and Biotech | Biotechnology |
McKesson Corporation | San Francisco | Healthcare, Pharmaceuticals and Biotech | Pharmaceuticals |
DIRECTV | El Segundo | Telecommunications | Cable Television Providers |
Visa, Inc. | San Mateo | Financial Services | Credit Cards and Related Services |
Google, Inc. | Mountain View | Software and Internet | E-commerce and Internet Businesses |
training details locations, tags and why hsg
The Hartmann Software Group understands these issues and addresses them and others during any training engagement. Although no IT educational institution can guarantee career or application development success, HSG can get you closer to your goals at a far faster rate than self paced learning and, arguably, than the competition. Here are the reasons why we are so successful at teaching:
- Learn from the experts.
- We have provided software development and other IT related training to many major corporations in California since 2002.
- Our educators have years of consulting and training experience; moreover, we require each trainer to have cross-discipline expertise i.e. be Java and .NET experts so that you get a broad understanding of how industry wide experts work and think.
- Discover tips and tricks about Cisco programming
- Get your questions answered by easy to follow, organized Cisco experts
- Get up to speed with vital Cisco programming tools
- Save on travel expenses by learning right from your desk or home office. Enroll in an online instructor led class. Nearly all of our classes are offered in this way.
- Prepare to hit the ground running for a new job or a new position
- See the big picture and have the instructor fill in the gaps
- We teach with sophisticated learning tools and provide excellent supporting course material
- Books and course material are provided in advance
- Get a book of your choice from the HSG Store as a gift from us when you register for a class
- Gain a lot of practical skills in a short amount of time
- We teach what we know…software
- We care…